kainic acid การใช้

• Therefore, chemical stimulation by kainic acid is more localized than electrical stimulation.
• Kainic acid is an agonist for kainate receptors, a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor.
• Kainic acid is commonly injected into laboratory animal models to study the effects of experimental ablation.
• Domoic acid is a structural analog of kainic acid, proline, and endogenous excitatory neurotransmiter glutamate.
• Kainic acid, used to model TLE and related scleroses, affects primarily the mossy fiber synapses in CA3.
• In trials, both progesterone and allopregnanolone administration have shown a neuroprotective effect on hippocampal neurons in seizure models induced by kainic acid.
• It has also been shown in different animal models, such as the kainic acid model, pilocarpine model, and kindling model.
• An acceptable positive control includes neurodegenerative tissue from subjects where fluoro-jade has already been validated, such as kainic acid treated animals.
• Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid that acts by activating receptors for glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
• Kainic acid is a direct agonist of the glutamic kainate receptors and large doses of concentrated solutions produce immediate neuronal death by overstimulating neurons to death.
• There are several types of glutamatergic ion channels in the central nervous system including AMPA, kainic acid and synapse, these receptors serve very different purposes.
• Thus, in large, concentrated doses kainic acid can be considered a neurotoxin, and in small doses of dilute solution kainic acid will chemically stimulate neurons.
• Thus, in large, concentrated doses kainic acid can be considered a neurotoxin, and in small doses of dilute solution kainic acid will chemically stimulate neurons.
• Other scientists have also worked on this perplexing disorder and have found that the symptoms can be induced by injecting kainic acid or ibotenic acid into the subthalamic nucleus.
• These receptors are most dense in sectors CA3 and CA2 of the hippocampus, where nanomolar ( nM ) concentrations of kainic acid have been associated with pronounced and persistent depolarization of CA3 pyramidal neurons.
• For its part, OPI also extracted a rare excitatory amino acid ( kainic acid ) and marketed it to some 300 neurological labs, universities and pharmaceutical companies in over 40 countries over the next decade.
• Finally, the use of Kainic acid lesions, which destroy neuronal cell bodies and spare passing fibers, provided evidence for a highly localized region of cerebellar nuclear cells that are essential for learning and performing CRs ( Lavond et al ., 1985 ).
• Therefore, the most effective ablation studies are performed in comparison to a sham lesion that duplicates all the steps of producing a brain lesion except the one that actually causes the brain damage, that is, injection of kainic acid or administration of an electrical shock.